averageperson.euOne statistical standard, 27 countries

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Latvia and Estonia

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Latvia

Estonia

The widest gap is Housing costs over 40% of income: Estonia 8.8% against Latvia 5.7%, 3.1 points apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Latvia
Estonia

People

Median age1.5 years
44.4 years
42.9 years
Life expectancy at birth3.0 years
76.4 years
79.4 years
People35.8%
1.9m
1.4m
People per square kilometre6.4%
29.9 per km²
31.8 per km²
Women in the population1.0 points
53.6%
52.6%
Born abroad6.2 points
11.6%
17.8%
Born outside the EU5.5 points
10.4%
15.9%

Money and work

Disposable income per person22.6%
€13,983
€17,146
Average net income17.4%
€16,720
€19,630
Take-home pay, average-wage worker18.4%
€19,035
€22,537
Gross pay, average-wage worker12.0%
€26,208
€29,364
Minimum wage21.3%
€780
€946
In work, age 20 to 643.5 points
78.2%
81.7%
Out of work0.6 points
6.9%
7.5%
Hours worked a week0.9 hours
38.8 hours
37.9 hours
At risk of poverty2.5 points
22.0%
19.5%
Housing costs over 40% of income3.1 points
5.7%
8.8%
GDP per person30.6%
€23,410
€30,570

Family and home

People at home4.8%
2.2
2.1
Households with children1.8 points
29.2%
27.4%
Children per woman5.1%
1.24
1.18
Own their home2.5 points
82.2%
79.7%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds20.5%
497 per 100,000 people
413 per 100,000 people
Doctors5.5%
339 per 100,000 people
357 per 100,000 people
Nurses53.5%
439 per 100,000 people
675 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree1.4 points
40.7%
42.1%
Students per 1,000 people22.0%
39.4 per 1,000 people
32.3 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them30.0%
€9,805
€12,742
Tax raised per person46.5%
€7,628
€11,178
Government debt22.8 points
46.9%
24.1%

Country and infrastructure

Land area42.5%
64,594 km²
45,336 km²
Railway density8.3%
29.4 per 1,000 km²
27.2 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density
0.0 per 1,000 km²
5.4 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people36.8%
435 per 1,000 people
595 per 1,000 people
Households with internet1.3 points
94.1%
95.4%
Tourist nights per resident93.2%
2.5
4.83

Environment

Renewable energy4.0 points
46.3%
42.3%
Land under forest1.1 points
55.7%
56.8%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Latvia

Estonia

Function
Latvia
Estonia
10.1%
9.8%
6.0%
8.5%
7.0%
4.2%
14.5%
10.5%
1.2%
1.6%
2.1%
0.9%
11.9%
14.4%
3.0%
4.4%
13.4%
14.2%
30.9%
31.4%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Latvia and Estonia

  1. Which government owes more: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 22.8 points: Latvia 46.9%, Estonia 24.1%. Consolidated gross debt of the general government, against GDP. gov_10dd_edpt1 · 2025. See the figure

  2. Where were more residents born abroad: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 6.2 points: Estonia 17.8%, Latvia 11.6%. Share of residents born in another country. Eurostat records country of birth, not ethnicity. migr_pop3ctb · 2025. See the figure

  3. Which spends more on health per resident: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 57.4%: Estonia €1,834, Latvia €1,165. Hospitals, doctors, medicines and medical equipment, and public health programmes. gov_10a_exp · 2024. See the figure

  4. Where do housing costs eat more of the income: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 3.1 points: Estonia 8.8%, Latvia 5.7%. Share whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income. ilc_lvho07a · 2025. See the figure

  5. Which spends a larger share on recreation and culture: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 1.4 points: Estonia 4.4%, Latvia 3.0%. Sport and recreation, libraries, museums, broadcasting, and places of worship. gov_10a_exp · 2024. See the figure

  6. Which covers more ground: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 42.5%: Latvia 64,594, Estonia 45,336. Total area of the country, inland water included. reg_area3 · 2026. See the figure

  7. Where are there more hospital beds per 100,000 people: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 20.5%: Latvia 497, Estonia 413. Beds available in hospitals, per 100,000 residents. hlth_rs_bds1 · 2024. See the figure

  8. Where are there more university students per 1,000 people: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 22.0%: Latvia 39.4, Estonia 32.3. People in higher education, per 1,000 residents. educ_uoe_enrt01 · 2024. See the figure

  9. Where does more energy come from renewables: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 4.0 points: Latvia 46.3%, Estonia 42.3%. Share of final energy use that comes from renewable sources. nrg_ind_ren · 2025. See the figure

  10. Where do more households have children: Latvia or Estonia?

    The gap is 1.8 points: Latvia 29.2%, Estonia 27.4%. Share of private households with at least one dependent child. ilc_lvph02 · 2025. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.